KEKURANGAN ENERGI DAN ZAT GIZI MERUPAKAN FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN STUNTED PADA ANAK USIA 1-3 TAHUN YANG TINGGAL DI WILAYAH KUMUH PERKOTAAN SURAKARTA

Abstract

Malnutrition is main cause of nearly half of the children death in developing countries. Millennium Development Goals is to reduce the incidence of malnutrition by half in 2015. The root factors of malnutrition are poverty, low education levels and low access to health care centers, while the direct cause of malnutrition is lack of nutrient intake, either macro or micro nutrients. The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors of sufficient levels of macro and micro nutrients on the incidence of stunted children aged 1-3 years. This study was the first phase of an experimental study with cross sectional design. Inclusion criteria of the subjects were z-score W / A <-1 SD, did not have a chronic disease, and had approval statement from their parents to be a subject in this study. Body length was measured with wooden board, body height was measured with microtoise, and body weight was measured with the balance scales. Sufficient levels of nutrients was 80% of RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance) for children aged 1-3 years. Wasted, stunted and underweight cases were 9.78%, 57.61%, and 46.74% respectively. The lower suficient levels of energy, protein, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, Fe, and Zn became risk factors of stunted, which were 2.52 (p = 0.035), 3.46 (p = 0.008); 2.76 (p = 0.028), 4.34 (p = 0.002), 3.25 (p = 0.009), 2.67 (p = 0.025) respectively. This study conclude that lower sufficient levels of energy, protein, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, Fe, and Zn were risk factors on the incidence of stunted children aged 1-3 years in the shantytowns of Surakarta.