Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Makassar City Municipal Waste Sector

Abstract

Makassar city produced 0.38 Mt/year of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) with population number of 1.398 million and waste generation rate 0.74 kg/cap/day. Almost 89% MSW are transported to Tamangapa Landfill as the only landfill in use recently without treatment, although Tamangapa landfill designed as a sanitary landfills in operation still open dumping and unmanaged will become a source of the GHGs emission, mainly the methane emission. This study have developed 3 (three) scenarios of existing conditions (BAU), scenarios were: 1st scenarios called Communal Waste Processing (CWP), this scenario is intended to reduce the volume of waste to be dumped to landfills, 2nd scenarios called Integrated Waste Processing Center (IWPC), developed an integrated waste processing (both organic and inorganic) facility on ward (kecamatan) level and 3rd scenarios called Development Landfill System (DLS), this scenario is actually similar to BAU condition, assumed the on-site landfills (Tamangapa) previously just controlled type developed to a sanitary type that has a mechanical and biological treatment facilities and methane gas processing facilities. Using SWM-GHG Calculator was developed by IFEU Institute that follows the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. The best scenarios regarding mitigation costs were SCR1 (US$ 5.3/ tCO2-eq) followed by SCR2 and SCR3, because total comparison between the costs incurred by results of reduction of GHG emissions on BAU conditions.