| dc.identifier.citation | Brohet RM, Goldgar DE, Easton DF, Antoniou AC, Andrieu N, Chang-Claude J, et al. 2007. Oral Contraceptives and Breast Cancer Risk In The International BRCA1/2 Carrier Cohort Study: A Report From EMBRACE, GENEPSO, GEO-HEBON, and The IBCCS Collaborating Group. Diakses: 10 April 2008. http://www. breast cancer/ =internet/ html Gabrick DM, Hartmann LC, Cerhan JR, et al. 2000. Risk of Breast Cancer With Oral Contraceptive Use In Women With a Family History of Breast Cancer. Diakses: 10 April 2008. http:// www. breast cancer/ about- oral-contraceptive-35k Haile RW, Thomas DC, et al. 2006. BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers, Oral Contraceptive Use, and Breast Cancer Before Age 50. Diakses: 2 Mei 2008. http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php? contextva%26aid= 8785 Healthlink (2008). Symptoms and Diagnosis of Breast Cancer. Diakses: 2 Mei 2008. http://www.healthlink. mcw.edu/ article/ 930766829.html Kubba AA (2003). Breast cancer and the pill. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. Diakses: 2 Mei 2008. http:// www. cancer.ca/ ccs/ internet/ standard/html Marchbanks PA, McDonald JA, Wilson HT, Folger SG, Mandel MG, Daling JR, Bernstein L, Malone KE, et al. 2002. Oral Contraceptives and The Risk of Breast Cancer. Diakses: 10 April 2008. http://www. health.cancer/breast/ contraceptive/html-25k Mardiana L. 2004. Kanker Pada Wanita Pencegahan dan Pengobatan Dengan Tanaman Obat. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya. McPherson K, Steel CM, Dixon JM. 2000. ABC of Breast Disease: Breast Cancer – Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Genetics. Diakses: 10 April 2008. http://www.ucsfhealth.org/adult/bmj/cancer/breast/conditions/signs.html - 35k Murti B. 2006. Desain dan Ukuran Sampel Untuk Penelitian Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif Di Bidang Kesehatan. Yogyakarta: UGM Press. National Breast Cancer. 2008. Breast Cancer Symptoms and Signs. Diakses: 2 Mei 2008. http://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/ about- breast-cancer/ breast- cancer- symptoms-25k University of Wisconsin (2008). Breast Cancer Myth and Science. Diakses Mei 2008. http://www. son.wisc.edu/ ce/ programs/ asynch/bccd/BrCa1/1-3-pathogenesis.htm. Ursin G, Henderson BE, et al. 1997. Does Oral Contraceptive Use Increase the Risk of Breast Cancer in Women with BRCA1/BRCA 2 Mutations More Than in Other Women. Diakses: 2 Mei 2008. http://www. breastcancer. org/contracep tive-oral/html-35k | en_US |
| dc.description.abstract | The incidence of breast cancer has been increasing among women in developed and developing
countries. Oral contraceptive is the commonest type of contraceptive among women of reproductive age
This study employed case control design. The target population was women of reproductive age. The
source population was women of reproductive age who were hospitalized for breast cancer at the
surgical ward at the Dr. Moewardi Hospital. A sample of 40 breast cancer case and another of 40
controls were selected at random from the source population. The dependent variable under study was
the incidence of breast cancer. The independent variable under study was oral contraceptive use. The
confounding factors to be controlled for included age, age at menarche and family history. Data was
analyzed by multiple logistic regression model, run under SPPS v 16 program. The results showed an
increased risk of breast cancer twice as many among oral contraceptive users as those non users, but
this relationship was statiscallu non significant (OR=2.20; CI95% 0.78 to 6.21, p=0,138). This estimate
has accounted for the effects of age, age at menarche and family history. | en_US |
