| dc.identifier.citation | Cantor, N., & Norem, J.K. (1989). Defensive pessimism and stress and coping. Social Cognition, 7, 92-112. Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M.F. (2002). Optimism, pessimism, and self-regulation. In Chang, E. (Ed). Optimism & pessimism: Implications for theory, research, and practice. Washington: American psychological Association, 31-52. Enriquez, V. G. (1993). Developing a Filipino Psychology. In U.Kim & J.W.Berry (Eds) Indigenous psychologies: research and experience in cultural (pp. 152-169) NewburyPark, CA: Sage. Gibson, C. B. (1999). Do they do what they believe they can? Group efficacy and group effectiveness across tasks and cultures. Academy of Management Journal, 42, 138-152. Hendro. (2011). Dasar-dasar kewirausahaan: Panduan bagi mahasiswa untuk mengenal, memahami dan memasuki dunia bisnis. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga. Keller, R. R (2000). Religious diversity in North America. In P. S. Richards & A. E. Bergin (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy and religious diversity (pp.27-55). Washington, DC: American Psychologist Association. Kim, U. (1999) After the “crisis” in social psychology: The development of the transactional model of science. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 2, 1-19. Kim, U. & Berry, J. W. (1993). Indigenous psychologies: Research and experience in cultural context. Newbury Park: Sage Publications. Kim, U., Park, Y.S., & Park, D.H. (1999). The Korean indigenous psychology approach: Theoretical considerations and empirical applications. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 48, 55-73. Kim, U., Park, Y.S., & Park, D.H. (2000). The challenge of cross-cultural psychology: The role of the indigenous psychologies. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 31, 63-75. Margiman, (2009). http://www.ciputra.org/node/95/quo-vadis-kewirausahaan-di-indonesia.htm. diakses 30 April 2010. Miller, L., & Lovinger, R.J. (2000). Psychotherapy eith conservative and reform Jews. In P.S. Richards & A. E. Bergin (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy and religious diversity (pp.259-286). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Norem, J.K., & Cantor, N., (1986). Antisipatory and post hoc cushioning stratregies: Optimism and defensive pessimismin risky situations. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 10-347- 363 Richards, P. S., & Bergin, A. E. (1997). A spiritual strategy for counseling and psychotherapy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Sahnan, (2010). Bisnis Indonesia. www.depkop.go.id/780‐minat‐sarjana‐baru‐jadi‐wirausahaminim. html. diakses 30 April 2010. Sartini (2009). Mutiara kearifan lokal nusantara. Yogyakarta: Kepel Press. Snyder, C. R., Harris, C., Anderson, J.R., Holleran S. A.,Irving, L.M., Sigmon, S. T., Yoshinobu, L., Gibb, J., Langelle, C., & Harney, P. (1991). The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 570-585. Snyder, C. R., Irving, L., & Anderson, J.R (1991). Hope and health: Measuring the will and the ways. In C. R. Snyder & D. R. Forsyth (Eds.), Handbook of social and clinical psychology: The health perspective (pp. 285-305), Elmsord, NY: Pergamon Press. Susanto, A.B. (2009). Leadpreneurship: Pendekatan strategic management dalam kewirausahaan. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga. | en_US |
| dc.description.abstract | Young people interest to become an entrepreneur is actually quite, it’s an exciting show
trends in Indonesia. This phenomenon still needs serious attention from government, education
and society Indonesia. The phenomenon becomes self-employment as an option profession in
life, because of internal awareness and optimism became the focus of this research.
Entrepreneurial not arise from compulsion, but rather on the ability to take the opportunity to do
innovations in human life and become independent and successful in life.
The purpose of this study is to understand the mental entrepreneurial actors, in particular
optimism in initiating, encouraging and underwent efforts. Optimism when people face of
various problems that arise, the courage to take risks, willingness to learn, leadership, and
decision-making capabilities. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach, by
providing an open questionnaire to 369 entrepreneurs in the region of Surakarta and Yogyakarta.
The results showed that the optimism depart from the mental aspect of a strong motivation or
intention in starting entrepreneurial activities, supported the attitude of perseverance, tenacity,
perseverance in undergoing the process of entrepreneurship to solve financial problems,
problems of cultivated goods, problems with customers or problems with self its own. From
within its own problems can be overcome with unyielding attitude, confidence and combine the
courage and patience. Family factors was instrumental in providing the motivation to be more
optimistic in running entrepreneurial. The results of this study also showed that the initial
motivation of entrepreneurs in starting a business is because of financial reasons, reasons of
independence and hope for a hobby and ideals elaborated into something form-generating
activities.
Mental aspects required when starting a business is an intention or motivation and a strong spirit
to start a business, the courage to start a business and persistence, patience and diligence in
carrying out the process. Motivation starts with the assumption that behavior is organized to
achieve these goals. Motivation becomes important in initiating entrepreneurial activities,
because this motivation will be a powerful fuel that runs in achieving entrepreneurial success.
The sources of the emergence of the mental aspect is largely derived from yourself, then get the
example from the surrounding environment as well as the mental aspect of the exemplary family,
friends, experiences upon the success of others.
Mental aspects required when managing or running proceeds entrepreneurship, especially the
unyielding attitude, courage and being patient, friendly and sincere in carrying out the process.
Unyielding attitude and patience are part of the confidence in the outcome, so efforts will
continue to be done to achieve the goal entrepreneurship.
The problems often experienced when entrepreneurial activity is undergoing financial problems,
problems associated with the merchandise, the problem with consumers as well as problems with
self, such as lazy, less confident, less discipline, less rigorous or physical condition that limited
support in the lead entrepreneurial. Optimism in the attainment of an achievement plays an
important role. When a person or group of persons has the optimism that something good will
happen then it would be gain social achievements. The characteristic attitude of optimism is the
willingness to seek information (information seeking), actively adapt to the problem and capable of planning (active coping and planning), a framework to think and act in a positive (positive
reframing), look for opportunities that can provide benefits (seeking benefit), the ability to use
humor (use of humor), and a willingness to accept, adaptive to new changes (Cantor & Norem,
1989). Being patient and calm in the face of problems, a willingness to discuss with other people
and keep looking for new strategies in carrying out entrepreneurial activity is a form of optimism
of entrepreneurs. Unyielding attitude, persistence, tenacity, courage, patience and confidence that
a person has the abilities to solve problems is an important key to that of the entrepreneurs in the
region of Surakarta and Yogyakarta. The family is the biggest driver in hand to provide
motivation. | en_US |
