PENGARUH PEMBERIAN CHITOSAN TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH DAN HISTOLOGI PANKREAS TIKUS Sprague dawley YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disease that will increase in the future, and most of them occur in developing countries. In addition, DM also causes many complications. Therefore, the alternative medication is needed to help treatment. One of the substances suspected having hypoglycemic effects is chitosan. Researcher find that chitosan oligosaccarides (hydrolysis of chitosan) have a dietary fiber and hypoglycemic effect on the Wistar rat. However, the hypoglycemic effect of chitosan itself is not yet known. This research was conducted to determine the hypoglycemic effect of chitosan. The aim of this research was to explore the effect of chitosan on blood glucose level and histology of pancreas in diabetic Sprague dawley rat induced by alloxan. Fourteen Sprague dawley male rats, aging 2 months, weighing 141-201 grams were divided randomly into 2 treatment groups. Group I (P1) were given alloxan 80 mg / kg BW i.v until diabetic and then chitosan 500mg/kg BW; group II (P2) were given alloxan and then metformin 9mg/dose. Both groups were provided with standard diet and drinking water ad libitum. In day 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 blood glucose level was measured. The rats were sacrified after 28 days treatment then the pancreatic organ taken for the histologic examination. The slide had been made using paraffin method and smeared by Kromium Hematoxilin Floxin. Slides were analyzed by measuring the islet’s diameter and the number of pancreatic â cell. Result of this research showed that chitosan decreased blood glucose level every week in DM rats (p <0.05). There was not any significant difference of blood glucose level between the two groups on the measurement on day 0 and 7 (p> 0.05) and there was significant differences of blood glucose level between the two groups on the measurement on day 14, 21, and 28 (p<0,05). Diameter size and the number of â cells in both groups did not have significant differences (p> 0.05). This research conclude that oral administration of chitosan 500mg/kg BW had similar hypoglycemic effect, even better compared with the metformin 9mg/dose.