Fish Waste Oil Conversion For Biodiesel Production Using Two Stages Reaction

Abstract

This study utilized the oil derived from fish waste as raw material. Biodiesel production from fish waste oil was carried out using a catalytic reaction with two stages processes: esterification and transesterification. The first step was the esterification process using an acid catalyst (H2SO4) to reduce the free acid content in waste fish oil. Then, it was followed by transesterification in the second step using alkaline catalyst (NaOH or KOH) to convert the oil into biodiesel. In the esterification reaction,waste fish oil was reacted with methanol at 60 °C and 2% H2SO4 catalyst in a three-neck flask apparatus for various times (2, 3, 4 hours) with various stirring speeds (500, 600, 700 rpm) and temperatures ( 50, 60, 70 °C). The results of esterification were used for transesterification. It was mixed with methanol (molar ratio 1: 6), 2% NaOH catalyst in a three-neck flask apparatus. The optimum conversion 66.09% was obtained at 60 ° C for 4 hours. The effect of stirring speed shows that at the speed of 700 rpm for 4 hours, the maximum conversion 68.03% was obtained. The effect of alkaline catalyst types showed that optimum conversion was obtained using KOH (88.99%).