| dc.identifier.citation | Azwar, S. 2001. Reliabilitas dan validitas. Jogjakarta: Penerbit Pustaka Pelajar Dahlan, M.S. 2006. Besar Sampel dalam Penelitian Kedokteran dan Kesehatan. Jakarta: PT Arkans: 59-62 Forrest, J.V., Feigin, D.S. 1992. Radiologi Thorax: Interpretasi Hasil. Jogjakarta: Widya Medika, PP.21-42 Lemeshow, S., Hosmer Jr., DW., Klar, J., Lwanga, S.K. 1990. Besar Sampel dalam Penelitian Kesehatan (terjemahan). Jogjakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press: 1-8 Machfoedz, I. 2007. Teknik Membuat Alat Ukur Penelitian Bidang Kesehatan, Keperawatan dan Kebidanan. Jogjakarta: Penerbit Fitramaya Machfoedz, I. 2008. Statistika Nonparametrik Bidang Kesehatan, Kebidanan, dan Kedokteran. Jogjakarta: Penerbit Fitramaya: 67-72 Pratiknya, A.W. 2001. Dasar-dasar Metodologi Penelitian Kedokteran dan Kesehatan. Jakarta: Penerbit PT Raja Grafindo Persada Purwohudoyo, S. 1984. Pemeriksaan Kelainan-kelainan Kardiovaskuler dengan Foto Polos. Jakarta: Balai penerbit FK UI: 18-20. Purwohudoyo, S. 1998. Sistem Kardiovaskuler. Dalam: Radiologi Diagnostik. Jakarta: Balai penerbit FK UI: 7-21 Rasad, S. 1992. Radiologi Diagnostik. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit FKUI: 153-9 Sastroasmoro, S., Ismael, S. 1995. Dasar-Dasar Metodologi Penelitian Klinis. Jakarta: Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak FKUI: 267-8 Singarimbun, M. 1995. Metode Penelitian Survei. Jakarta: LP3S: 37-42 Sugiono. 1999. Statistik Nonparametris. Jakarta: Alfabeta Sutton, D. 1995. Buku Ajar Radiologi Untuk Mahasiswa Kedokteran. Edisi 5. Jakarta: EGC Tjokronegoro, A., Sudarsono, S. 1999. Metodologi Penelitian Bidang Kedokteran. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit FKUI: 65-77 | en_US |
| dc.description.abstract | Cardiothoracic Ratio (CTR) is used to determine the widening of the heart in radiology measurement. CTR is measured
by comparing the heart width to cavum thoracales in thorax PA projection. However, not all patients can be examined by
chest X-ray examination with standard position (PA erect, maximal inspiration) because of the ambulatory defect that
make the patient can not stand in erect position. Unfortunately, clinicians need the information about it. There is a
different normal index between CTR in standard position of chest X-ray and AP projection, supine and maximal expiration.
The aim after study is to determine the difference between CTR index in chest X-ray PA erect, maximal inspiration with AP
projection supine, maximal expiration. This was a cross sectional study conducted in Radiology Installation Dr. Sardjito
Hospital, Jogjakarta on August to October 2008. Subjects that recruited in this study have no radiologic abnormalities, the
radiograph Thorax result were examined and recorded in PA erect and AP supine projection. Then measurement of the
CTR done in those two projection . Data were analyzed by a comparative descriptive method that compared the mean
value in PA erect and AP supine group using independent sample t-test. From 150 subjects, 74 were men (49.3 %) and 76
were women (50.7%). Mean age between these subject were 39.8 + 12.42 years old. The ratio of CTR in PA erect projection,
maximal inspiration was 0.43 ± 0.03 and in AP supine projection 0.52 ± 0.03 (p<0.05; CI 95%). The differences of CTR index
in standard position (PA erect, maximal inspiration) with AP supine, maximal expiration projection were 0,09.
Result: found that CTR index of AP supine projection was< 0.59 similar with CTR index PA erect projection (<0.5).
The study implies that CTR index AP supine projection may be used for patient who could not perform chest X-ray PA erect
projection. | en_US |
