In Vivo Toxicological and Histopathological Effects Of Aflatoxin B1 Exposure and Related Risk.

Abstract

Aflatoxin B 1 is toxic metabolites of Aspergilus flavas and Aspergilus parasiticus which usually contaminates foods such peanuts, corn, and other grains as well as animal feeds resulting into intoxication. Studies have been conducted to elucidated the mechanism of AFB 1 toxicity however, there is still a challenge explore the risk associated with AFB 1 . Therefore, the main objective of this research was to performed toxicological and histopathologicalanalysis of aflatoxin B 1 and related risk. Populations of mice were treated with ascending dosed of 3mg/Kg, 6mg/Kg, 9mg/Kg and 12mg/Kg of AFB 1. the LD 50 was then recorded, the liver biopsy from scarified and dead mice were screened for analysis of distribution of AFB 1 . Enzyme transaminases activity and total bilirubin content was then analyzed by spectrometry, histology was then on performed on biopsy lastly; prothrobin time analysis conducted to assess the effect of AFB 1 on blood clotting factors. From the results death occurred within 48 hours for most mice treated with doses of 9mg/Kg and 12mg/Kg, biochemical test showed significant increase transaminases (ALT, AST and AP) activity with fluctuation of bilirubincontent with gradual increases in prothrobin time (PTT). Liver biopsy showed bile ductproliferation, vacuolation of hepatocytes, enlargement of hepatic cells, fatty infiltration, necrosis, hemorrhage, and apoptosis. We concluded that prolonged consumption of AFB 1 contaminated feed or food at dose range of 3-6 mg/Kg may result to development of hepatocellular carcinoma while 9-12mg/Kg AFB 1 may lead to server liver injury. Thus thereare higher risk of AFB 1 to induce hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), mutagenic and immunesuppression to both humans and animals.