STRUKTUR MELODIK BAHASA INDONESIA

Abstract

The study describes the melodic structure of Indonesian language carried out in two experiments: (1) the productive experiment which is to measure acoustic features of declarative and interrogative statements and (2) the perceptive experiment, to measure the sensibility of the Indonesian speakers in listening speech. The two experiments were conducted by using the approach of experimental and psychoacoustic phonetics. The result showed that Lindbom’s (1990) hypo-hyper theory explaining the relation between speech production and perception in communication, cannot fully be accepted. The first experiment was significant in at least three acoustic features: fundamental frequency (F0) of the final note peak, of final mark, and the position of final note peak (Pa) in contour; however, the three parameters have not necessarily to occur altogether to expect the interrogativeness perception. The two characteristics of F0: the height of F0 Pa and the final mark should occur at the same time, whereas the features of final note peak (Pa) was not needed to expect the interrogativeness perception. In short, the interrogative perception of speech does not require more complete acoustic features when compared to their productive parameters.