Anticancer Effect and Cell Cycle Analysis of Ethanolic Extract of Gembili (Dioscorea esculantaa L. Burkill) on T47D Breast Cancer Cell Line

Abstract

Gembili (Dioscorea esculantae) has been known to contain saponin showing promise as potential candidate for anticancer therapy. Gembili extract has also shown cytotoxic activity against T47D breast cancer cell line. The present study aims to investigate the antiproliferative effect of ethanolic extract of gembili against T47D breast cancer line. In this study, the T47D breast cancer cell line was divided into 3 groups including the control group and study groups (treated with the ethanolic extract of gembili at the dose of 40 µg/mL and 20 µg/mL). The anticancer activity was determined by cytotoxic test using MTT assay and distribution of each phases in cycle cell was tested against T47D breast cancer cell line by propidium iodine assay. Accumulation of cell in cycle cell were observed using flow cytometry. The study showed ethanolic extract of gembili has moderete cytotoxicity againts T47D breast cancer cell line and has a significant difference (p<0.05) in the number of cell accumulation in pre G0 between control and study groups. In conclusion, ethanolic extract of gembili has concentration-dependent anticancer activitiy with significant alteration on cell cycle pattern. It has anticancer activities and anti-proliferative effect against T47D breast cancer cell line.