Marker Genetik dan Mekanisme Molekuler Penyakit Skizofrenia

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder. Patients with schizophrenia have a complex impaired mental deterioration with prevalence around 1% of population. Molecular mechanism that causes this disorder is still unclear, but some evidence suggests that the cause of this disorder is a multiple causes and multifactors. These factors include genetic, neurodevelopmental, social, and immune factors. Many hypotheses about the causes of this disorder include dopamine hypotheses, neurodevelopmental hypotheses, glutamatergic hypotheses, GABAergic hypotheses, and immune hypotheses. Genetic factor is strongly factor associated with the incidence of schizophrenia. Some polymorphisms that are thought to increase the risk of this disorder are the COMT (cathecol O methyl transferase) gene, Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 gene (DISC1), DTNBP1 (Dystrobrevin binding protein 1) gene, NRG1 SNP1 & 2 (neuregulin-1 single nucleotide polymorphism 1 & 2) gene.