Rekayasa Screw Pyroliser untuk Menghasilkan Char dari Sampah Kota Terseleksi

Abstract

Commercially pure (cp) titanium has a relative soft hardness property. In particular usage such as sliding, the improvement of the hardness value will be required. To improve the hardness of the surface while maintaining the original properties, ion implantation process is conducted. Nitrogen ions are used to implant this material. The effects of the nitrogen ion doses to the surface hardness are then studied. In this study, Ion Implantation processes are conducted at room temperature and process durations are varied as 140 minutes, 280 minutes and 560 minutes. The doses of nitrogen ions which is required in these process durations are 8.4x10 14 ions/cm 2 , 16.8x10 14 ions/cm 2 , and 33.6x10

respectively. Hardness tests are then performed on each specimen by using Micro Vickers Hardness Tester. The processes of ion implantation produce the hardness surface values of 88.97 HV, 125.51 HV, and 130.2 HV, for the doses of 8.4x10 14 ions/cm 2 , 16.8x10 14 ions/cm 2 , and 33.6x10 . The ion implantation of cp titanium can significantly increase the hardness on the surface. Compared to the hardness of the raw material, these processes have increased the hardness values by 64.8 %, 132.5 %, and 141.2 % for the doses of 8.4x10 14 ions/cm 2 , 16.8x10 14 ions/cm 2 14 , and 33.6x10

respectively. The hardness can be improved as high as 41.07 % when the dose is increased from 8.4x10 14 ions/cm 2 to 16.8x10 14 ions/cm 2 . However there is no a significant increasing in hardness value when the dose is increased from 16.8x10 14 ions/cm 2 to 33.6x10 .