| dc.identifier.citation | [1] T.H. Soerowidjaja., “Perbandingan Bahan Bakar Cair Alternative Pengganti Solar”. Forum Biodiesel Indonesia ke-7 Balai Penelitian Penerapan Teknologi, Jakarta, 2002 [2] M. Mittlebach, S. Gangl, “Long Storage Stability of Biodiesel Made from Rapeseed and Used Frying Oil”, Journal of the AOCS, 2001, vol.78, pp. 573-577 [3] D. Joker, Calophyllum inophyllum L. Seed Leaflet, No. 87, August 2004, Forest & Landscape Denmark, Denmark. [4] Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hutan, Nyamplung (Calophyllum Inophyllum) Sumber Energi Biofuel yang Potensial, Departemen Kehutanan, Jakarta, 2008. [5] K. Heyne, Tumbuhan Berguna Indonesia, (translated from De Nuttige Planten van Indonesia, 1950), Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan. Jakarta, 1987, pp. 1252-1255. [6] J. B. Friday and D. Okano, Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry Calophyllum inophyllum, 2006 [7] Agency for Forestry Research and Development Plant Bogor, 2006, Live Journal [8] A.C. Dweek and T. Meadows, Tamanu (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) the Africa, Asia Polynesia and Pacific Panacea. International J Cos Sci, 2002, vol. 24 : 1-8. [9] Sahirman, Perancangan proses dua tahap (estrans) untuk produksi biodiesel dari minyak biji nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L), [disertation]. Sekolah Pasca Sarjana Industri Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, 2009. [10] Anonymous, Standar Nasional Indonesia(SNI) Nomor 04-7182:2006 tentang Biodiesel, Badan Standardisasi Nasional (BSN), Jakarta, 2006. [11] B.Freedman, R.O. Butterfield, and E.H. Pryde, “Transesterification of Kinetic of Soybean Oil “, J. Am.Oil Chem.Soc., vol. 63, 1986, pp.1375- 1380. ICETIA | en_US |
| dc.description.abstract | Indonesia's oil production in 2004 amounted to
400,486 barrels, while the produced oil in 2012 only reaches
163,633 barrels. The decline of production is so significant, while
consumption level increased. All Indonesian people should be
aware to this condition, and play an active role to reduce
dependence on petroleum. Biodiesel is an environmentally
alternative fuel, which can be an interesting solution. Based on
the previous description, it needs a real effort to develop
biodiesel from plants (vegetable raw materials) which have a
good quality. One of the plants were able to answer the problem
is the nyamplung seed that contains very high oil, around 40%
to73% [1]. This research will study the effect of the catalyst type
in the manufacture of biodiesel from the nyamplung seed oil.
Esterification –transesterification process takes place for high
acid number oil. So it needs the special treatment to reduce the
sap, which is the degumming process. In degumming, 2% (w)
phosphate acid is added into 100 gram of nyamplung seed oil.
Then, estherification process is done by adding ethanol and
H2SO4 at 60 – 70oC. This process use constant mixing. The
resulting solution of esterification is separated by a separator
funnel for 2 hours. Weight the resulted oil and enter the oil into a
three-neck flask with a varied of reaction time and catalyst type.
Separating the transesterification results by a separator funnel
for 2 hours. Oil is washed with warm water (50°C) for twice, and
separated again with a separator funnel for 1 hour. Then, the
separated oil is heated in the oven with the temperature of 90-
95oC. Analysis of the results is done by measuring the density,
viscosity, volume, and mass of biodiesel.
The result showed that the viscosity of biodiesel is fluctuated to
the ratio of reactants and catalyst type. Maximum volume and
mass produced biodiesel were 98.15 mL and 90.26 gram,
respectively, which they are obtained at 90 min reaction time and
K2CO3 as catalyst. | en_US |
