Perbandingan Hasil Positif Uji BCG dan Uji Tuberkulin sebagai Uji Tapis pada Anak dengan Tuberkulosis

Abstract

Until now tuberculosis (TB) is still a world health problem, especially in the third world countries like Indonesia. World health Organization (WHO) reported in 1995 there were 3 millions people died caused by TB. Prevalence of lung TB with positive acid fast bacili (AFB) in Indonesia is still high, about 0.3%, it means that there were 3 persons suffering of TB every 1000 people. It's needed to improve the quality of lung TB disease elimination program. But, the problem that some of the cases of tuberculosis with positive AFB finding is low. May be it caused that the technique of AFB examination is dificult, especially in infant and young children. tuberculin test have been used widely for a long periode, but it reaction less sensitive (to be negative) for a moment time in anergy state. Recently, some centre uses BCG for diagnosing TB, but further research is still needed (to prove more high proportion of positive result and superiority of BCG test). This research uses Clinical Disagreement to measure kappa and chi square (Fisher's Exact test) to mesurep. The sample size were 100 respondents, boys and girls beetwen 4 months to 12 years old, who visited to General Pediatric Clinic and Pulmonology Clinic Dr Kariadi Hospital. To diagnosing TB, modified 1994 Starke Criteria is used. Tuberculin and BCG test was tested at the same time and evaluated after 72 hours (for tuberculin and BCG) and at 7th day (for BCG). The proportion of these tests were compared by cross tabulation. The respondents that suffering of tuberculosis were treated with 2HRZ 4HR regiment and reevaluated clinical, laboratoric and radiologic findings. The proportion of positive result of BCG test is higher (97%) than positive result of tuberculin test (24%), but not significant. Proportion of negative result of tuberculin test is higher (78%) than BCG test (3.3%), but not significant. Distribution of positive result of BCG test has the same proportion in groups of age and nutrition state. The proportion of positive result of BCG test is higher than tuberculin test, but not significant.