MEASURING WATER CONFLICT POTENTIAL : A BASIC PRINCIPLES

Abstract

Decentralisation has been implemented in Indonesia for several years based on Regulation No. 22/1999 about decentralisation. In fact, decentralisation system is better than centralisation. However, there are some constraint in the implementation of decentralisation in Indonesia, therefore, the result of the decentralisation implementation is not as expected. The constraint of the implementetion of decentralisation in Indonesia are, for examples, limited skilled and qualified human resources, lack of coordination, lack of information about thedecentralisation regulation, and limited natural resources for each different region. There is a report that some conflicts have been arising between some regions due to water dispute, for examples, water dispute between PDAM Surakarta and Boyolali Regency Government. Besides that, there might have been some water disputes in Indonesia, but not been widely informed yet. According to some researches and reports, there are some important indicators that can be used in measuring water conflict potential, such as Index of Human Insecurity (IHI), Water Stress Index (WSI), and Social Water Stress Index (SWSI). In addition, there are some important data required to measure these indicators, such as population number,volume of runoff , number and density of dams, minority community group, GDP, inter regions relationship condition, and number of agreement about fresh water management.